Behold, all things are become new

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传说中的Morgan是什么样，没有人还清楚知道，但或许是所有的仙女都拥有的金发慈眉洁肤明眸吧。

修道士笔下的Morgan，总是黑色的长发，黑色的长袍，黑色的双眸，能有多黑便有多黑，乌鸦一般的黑。

Morgan le Fay as Enemy

  

 

 

Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgane, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and antagonist of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere in the Arthurian legend.

Morgan Le Fay，又被称作Morgane，Morgain，Morgana等别名，在亚瑟王的传说中，她是个强大的巫师，亚瑟王与Guinevere王后的劲敌。

The early works featuring Morgan do not elaborate her character beyond her role as a fay or magician. She became much more prominent in the later cyclical prose works such as the Lancelot-Grail and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, in which she is said to be the daughter of Arthur's mother, the Lady Igraine, and her first husband, Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall; Arthur is her half brother by Igraine and Uther Pendragon. Morgan has at least two older sisters, Elaine and Morgause, the latter of whom is the mother of Gawain and the traitor Mordred. In Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur and elsewhere, she is married, unhappily, to King UrienYwain is her son. Though she becomes an adversary of the Round Table when Guinevere discovers her adultery with one of her husband's knights, she eventually reconciles with her brother, and even serves as one of the four enchantresses who carry the king to Avalon after his final battle at Camlann.

在早期的作品中，对于Morgan形象的塑造并没有超越出一个仙女或魔法师的角色。直到在如Lancelot-Grail和后拉丁诗歌这些晚期的散文诗组诗作品中，Morgan的形象才变得越来越突出。在这些故事中，她被说成是亚瑟的母亲Igraine同她的第一位丈夫Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall的女儿，亚瑟是她同母异父的弟弟，由Igraine和Uther Pendragon所生。Morgan至少有两个姐姐：Elaine和Morgause，后者是Gawain和叛国者Mordred的母亲。在Sir Thomas Malory所写的Le Morte d'Arthur以及其他一些小说中，Morgan不情愿地同Urien国王结了婚，并有了一个儿子，Ywain。在Guinevere发现了她同亚瑟王的一位骑士通奸之后，Morgan成为了圆桌骑士的敌人，但最终她同她的弟弟和解了，甚至在国王结束了他在Camlann的最后一役之后，她成为了那四位将国王引领到Avalon的女巫中的一个。

As her name indicates, the figure of Morgan appears to have been originally a fairy (Le Fey) rather than a human woman. Later transformed into a woman, and King Arthur's half sister, she became an enchantress to continue her powers. Inspiration for her character came from earlier Welsh mythology and literature; she has often been compared with the goddess Modron, a figure derived from the continental Dea Matrona featured with some frequency in medieval Welsh literature. Modron appears in Welsh Triad 70, in which her children by Urien, and a later folktale preserved in Peniarth MS 147 records the story behind this conception more fully. Owain and Morvydd, are called the "Three Blessed Womb-Burdens of the Island of Britain", Urien is Morgan le Fay's husband in the continental romances, while Owain mab Urien is the historical figure behind their son Ywain. Additionally, Modron is called "daughter of Avallach," a Welsh ancestor deity whose name can also be interpreted as a noun meaning "a place of apples"; in fact, in the story of Owain and Morvydd's conception in Peniarth 147, Modron is called the "daughter of the king of Avallach". This is similar to Avalon, the "Isle of Apples" with which Morgan le Fay has been associated since her earliest appearances. Additional speculation sometimes connects Morgan with the Irish goddess Morrígan, though there are few similarities between the two beyond the spelling of their names.

正如她的名字所示，Morgan这一人物最初的原型应该是一个仙女，而非人类。她之后变成了一个女人，亚瑟王同母异父的姐 姐，她成为了一个女巫以维持她的能力。她的形象的灵感源头应该是来自早期的威尔士神话和文学；她往往被拿来与女神Mordron相对比，这个人物是从欧洲 大陆的Dea Matrona派生而出，被描绘多次而在中世纪的威尔士文学中成形的。Modron出现于Welsh Triad 70中，她和Urien生有儿女，根据之后保存于Peniarth MS 147中的民间故事的记载，将这个观点充实得更完整。Owain和Morvydd被称作是“三个被祝福的胎儿——英格兰岛的责任”，在欧洲大陆的传奇中，Urien是Morgan le Fay的丈夫，而Owain这一个人在历史人物中则是他们的儿子Ywain。除此之外，Modron被称作是“Avallach的女儿”，他是威尔士一个古老的神明，他的名字同时也可以被解释成一个名词意思是“苹果之地”；事实上，在Peniarth 147关于Owain和Morvyadd的概念的故事中，Mordon被称为是“Avallach国王的女儿”。这同Avalon非常相近，“苹果之岛”，Morgan le Fay在她最早期的形象中就同它联系在一起。另外有一些理论有时把爱尔兰女神Morrigan同Morgan联系起来，虽然除了她们名字的拼法之外，她们之间少有共同点。

Morgan first appears by name in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Vita Merlini, written about 1150. Purportedly an account of the wizard Merlin's later adventures, it elaborates some episodes from Geoffrey's more famous earlier work, Historia Regum Britanniae. In the Historia, Geoffrey explains that after Arthur is seriously wounded at the Battle of Camlann, he is taken off to Avalon, the Isle of Apples, to be healed. In the Vita Merlini he describes this island in more detail and names "Morgen" as the chief of nine magical sisters who dwell there. Morgan retains this role as Arthur's otherworldly healer in much later literature.

Morgan的名字首次出现在Geoffrey of Monmouth的Vita Merlini中，该书写就于1150年。按照巫师Merlin晚期的冒险的记录所看，它是从Geoffrey更为著名的早期作品Historia Regum Britanniae推敲而出的一些插曲。在Historia一书中，Geoffrey写道在亚瑟王在Camlann战役中负伤严重，他被带到了Avalon，苹果之岛，接受治疗。在Vita Merlini中，他用了更多细节来描述那个岛屿，并将那九个居住在岛上的魔法师姐妹中最主要的一个称作“Morgen”。在此后的文学作品中，Morgan一直保持着亚瑟王阴间的医治者这个角色。

Before the cyclical Old French romances, appearances of Morgan are few. Chrétien de Troyes mentions her in his first romance Erec and Enide, completed around 1170; he says one guest at the titular characters' wedding, a certain Guigomar, lord of the Isle of Avalon, is a friend of Morgan. She is later mentioned in the same poem when Arthur provides a wounded Erec with a healing balm made by his sister Morgan; this episode both affirms her early role as a healer and provides the first mention of Morgan as Arthur's sister. Chrétien again refers to Morgan as a great healer in his later romance Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, in an episode in which two ladies restore the maddened hero to his senses with a concoction provided by Morgan.

在法国早期的传奇中，Morgan出现得并不多。Chretien de Troyes在他的第一部传奇中提到了她，该书完成于1170年左右；在书中他写道一个参加某个角色婚礼的客人，确实是Guigomar，Avalon岛的国王，是Morgan的朋友。在同一首诗的后面她被提到，亚瑟王给受伤的Erec提供了由他姐姐所制的能够治疗的油膏；这段插曲同时证实了她作为一个医治者的早期形象，以及第一次提及了Morgan是亚瑟王的姐姐。Chretien在他的下一本传奇Yvain, the Knight of the Lion中再一次提到了Morgan是一个伟大的医治者，其中的一个片断提到，有两位妇女用Morgan所调和的一种药物使一位发疯的英雄恢复了理智。

Morgan's role is greatly expanded in the 13th century Lancelot-Grail (Vulgate Cycle) and the subsequent works inspired by it. The youngest of Gorlois and Igraine's daughters, she is sent to a convent when Uther Pendragon kills her father and marries her mother. There she begins her study of magic, but is interrupted when Uther betrothes her to his ally Urien. Unhappy with her husband, she takes a string of lovers until she is caught by a young Guinevere, who expels her from court in disgust. Morgan continues her magical studies under Merlin, all the while plotting against Guinevere. In subsequent chapters she uses her skills to foil Arthur's knights, especially Lancelot, whom she alternately tries to seduce and to expose as Guinevere's adulterous lover. In the Prose Tristan, she delivers to Arthur's court a magic drinking horn from which no unfaithful lady can drink without spilling, hoping to reveal the infidelity.

在13世纪Lancelot—Grail以及此后受其启发的作品中，Morgan的形象才被大大地扩展了。作为Gorlois和Igraine最年轻的女儿，她被送到一个修道院，而Uther Pendragon杀死了她的父亲并娶了她的母亲。在那儿她开始学习魔法，但Uther与她订婚把她带回了他的联盟Urien，使她的学习中断了。因为同她的丈夫并不快乐，Morgan找了一连串的情人，直到她的奸情被年轻的Guinevere揭发，Guinevere充满鄙夷地将她赶出了宫廷。Morgan在Merlin的手下继续学习魔法，并始终密谋反对Guinevere。在其后的章节中，Morgan运用自己的能力挫败了亚瑟王的骑士，尤其是Lancelot，她时而勾引他，时而将他揭发是Guinevere通奸的情夫。在Prose Tristan中，她将一个装着一种魔法饮剂的角送到了亚瑟王的宫廷，所有不忠贞的妇人只有在揭露或者坦白了自己的不忠之后，才能够喝其中的饮剂。

Thomas Malory mostly follows the portrayal of Morgan in the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles in his book Le Morte d'Arthur, though he expands her role in some cases. Through magic and mortal means, she tries to arrange Arthur's downfall, most famously when she arranges for her lover Accolon to obtain the sword Excalibur and use it against Arthur in single combat. Failing in this, Morgan throws Excalibur's protective scabbard into a lake.

Thomas Malory在他Le Morte d'Arthur一书中，几乎完全沿袭了拉丁时代与前拉丁时代中Morgan的形象，但在一些故事里，他拓展了她的角色。Morgan用致命的魔法手段企图使亚瑟王灭亡，其中最著名的，莫过于她让自己的情人Accolon取得了亚瑟王的魔剑，并用它和亚瑟王单独决斗。这一招失败了之后，Morgan将保护亚瑟王魔剑的剑鞘扔进了湖中。

The Fay turns up throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, generally in works related to the cycles of Arthur or Charlemagne. At the end of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, it is revealed that the entire supernatural episode has been instigated by Morgan as a test for Arthur and his knights, and to frighten Guinevere. In the legends of Charlemagne she is most famous for her association with Ogier the Dane, whom she takes to her mystical island palace to be her lover. In the chanson de geste of Huon de Bordeaux, Morgan is the mother of the fairy king Oberon by none other than Julius Caesar.

Fay的身影贯穿了中世纪的盛期和晚期，主要出现在和亚瑟王以及查理曼大帝有关的组诗中。在Sir Gawain and the Green Knight的末尾说到，所有的神秘事件都是Morgan所造成的，为的是试验亚瑟王和他的骑士，并且恐吓Guinevrre。在查理曼大帝传奇中，她最为著名的事件是她与Ogier the Dane交往，她将他带到自己的神秘的岛上宫殿里，使他成为自己的情人。而在Huon de Brrdeaux的chanson de geste中，Morgan则是精灵国王Oberon的母亲，而孩子的父亲是Julius Caesar。

The modern image of Morgan is often that of a villain: a seductive, megalomaniacal sorceress who wishes to overthrow Arthur. Mark Twain in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court depicted her as a degenerate feudal lady, living a life of luxury while keeping helpless prisoners for decades in her castle's dungeons. Contemporary interpretations of the Arthurian myth sometimes assign to Morgan the role of seducing Arthur and giving birth to the wicked Mordred, though traditionally Mordred's mother was Morgause,another sister. In these works Mordred is often her pawn, used to bring about the end of the Arthurian age.

Morgan的现代形象总是一个反派角色：一个充满诱惑力，狂妄的巫婆，企图颠覆亚瑟王。在马克·吐温的A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court中将她描绘成一个堕落的封建贵妇，生活非常奢华，却把无望的囚犯们长期关押在她城堡的地牢中。在当代对于亚瑟王神话的阐释中，有时认为Morgan引诱了亚瑟，并生下了一个邪恶的孩子Mordred，虽然在传统的版本中，Mordred的母亲是Morgause，Morgan的另一个姐姐。在那些作品中，Mordred常常是她的工具，使得亚瑟王的时代终结了。

Starting in the later 20th century, however, some feminists adopted Morgan as a representation of female power; in this context she is sometimes connected to interpretations of Celtic feminine spirituality. Such is the case in Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon, which presents a different view of Morgaine's opposition to Arthur, her actions stemming from her fight to preserve the native pagan religion against what she sees as the treachery and oppression of Christianity.

然而自二十世纪晚期开始，一些女权主义者将Morgan吸纳为女性权利的代表；在这样的语境下，她时常同凯尔特女性精神的解释联系在一起。在Marion Zimmer Bradley的The Mists of Avalon中正是如此，它对于Morgaine同亚瑟王之间的敌对展现了另一种不同的观点，她的行为都是源于为了保护原始的异教，来抵挡在她看来是叛变和压制的基督教的斗争。

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终于明白了这首歌唱了点啥了，中世纪一直到十九世纪所有关于Morgan le Fay的屎盆子都一并扣在头上，一点儿不拉。原来也是个层累的，叠加出来的故事啊~ 

Morgane      By Bohinta 

Let the spires of Camelot fall
To wrack, to ruin all
I'll build a fortress of my own

Serpent skin and mandrake flower
I'll craft to wield my power
Sorceress I am, Morgane Le Fay

They shall pay for my father's life
For my mother deceived by lies
Blood, fire, war and the devil at my side
I shall avenge her tears
Falling like rain

Let the wrath of lighting strike
To rend, to sunder all light
The time has gone for gallant knights

Demons and spirits within
I'll work to forge a new King
Mordred shall reign and I shall rule

They shall pay for my father's life
For my mother deceived by lies
Blood, fire, war and the devil at my side
I shall avenge her tears
Falling like rain

I'll sow the seeds of hate and fear
'Tween Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere
I'll break these Castle walls they hold so dear
And I shall avenge her tears
Falling like rain